broke down the last vestiges of isolation in rural America. TV signals that could reach into the most remote corners of the U.S.Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson were running for President against each other. The importance of that event for rural America went beyond the fact that rural residents knew in real time that Dwight D. In 1952 for the first time, television news was able to broadcast the Republican and Democratic conventions live from Philadelphia to the rest of the nation. Coax the now familiar cables the run from cable TV wall outlets to today's tuners has enough bandwidth, or electrical carrying capacity, to transmit hundreds or even thousands of telephone calls as well as television signals.
The networks became true networks when AT&T finished laying a system of coaxial cables from coast to coast. By necessity, most programming was local, and cooking shows, wrestling and cartoons took up most of the broadcast day. These 16mm films, known as kinescopes, were then duplicated and shipped to the few affiliated stations for broadcast later. The only way the networks had to distribute the shows to the rest of the nation was to point a film camera at a television screen and convert video to film. All of the programming originated, live, in New York. In the 1940s, the three networks NBC, CBS and ABC were "networks" in name only.
Before these two decades were over the three national networks were offering programs that were alternately earth shaking, sublime and ridiculous. Television struggled to become a national mass media in the 1950s, and became a cultural force for better or worse in the 60s.
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